八年级英语期中复习重要短语句型

2025-05-09bj03
导读今天装修百科网给各位分享在厨房里英语报的知识,其中也会对八年级英语期中复习重要短语句型进行解释,如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题,别忘了关注本站,现在我们开始吧!...

今天装修百科网给各位分享在厨房里英语报的知识,其中也会对八年级英语期中复习重要短语句型进行解释,如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题,别忘了关注本站,现在我们开始吧!

八年级英语期中复习重要短语句型

新目标英语八年级上前六单元知识点讲练

I. language goals (语言目标)
1. Talk about how often you do things谈论做事情的频率。
2. Talk about your health. Make suggestions. 谈论健康话题以及提出建议。
3. Talk about future plans. 谈论未来的计划/打算。
4. Talk about how to get to places. 谈论到达某地的方式。
5. Learn to make invitations, say yes to invitations and say no to invitations and give reasons.
学会发出,接受和拒绝邀请并说出原因。
6. Learn to talk about personal traits and how to compare people. 学会谈论个人品质以及如何比较人们。

II. Key Phrases (重点短语):
1. how often多长时间一次 2. junk food垃圾食品 3. a lot of许多
4. hardly ever很少 5. start with以…开始 6. try to do sth. 试着去做某事
7. look after照料 8. be kind of unhealthy有点不健康
9. once a day一天一次 10. twice a month一个月两次 11. be good for对…有好处
12. once in a while偶尔 13. see a doctor / dentist看病/看牙医
14. get a cold / fever感冒/发烧 15. have a stomachache肚子疼
16. have a toothache牙疼 17. have a sore throat嗓子疼
18. lie down and rest躺下休息 19. drink hot tea with honey喝加蜂蜜的热茶
20. be stressed out紧张 21. listen to … 听…
22. get tired变的疲劳 23. keep healthy保持健康
24. at the moment此刻;目前 25. watch TV看电视
26. play basketball打篮球 27. babysit her sister照看她的妹妹
28. visit my friend拜访我的朋友 29. relax at home在家放松
30. sports camp运动野营 31. something interesting
32. go hiking / camping / fishing / shopping / sightseeing 去徒步旅行/野营/钓鱼/购物/观光
33. go away离开 34. get back to school返回学校
35. stay for a week呆一个星期 36. go bike riding骑自行车兜风
37. takes walks散步 38. rent videos租录像带
39. sleep a lot睡得多 40. think about考虑
41. take the subway / bus / boat / plane乘地铁/公共车/小船/飞机 42. get to到达
43. go by bus / plane / boat乘公共车/飞机/小船
44. train / subway / bus station火车/地铁/公共车站
45. bus ride乘公共车的旅行 46. ride a bike骑自行车
47. bus stop公共汽车站 48. on foot步行
49. leave for离开去… 50. school bus学校班车
51. the early bus早班车 52. be different from与…不同
53. half past six六点半 54. in North America在北美洲
55. a quick breakfast快捷的早餐 56. need to do需要做…
57. more than多于 58. play soccer踢**
59. baseball game棒球比赛 60. school team校队
61. come over to过来到… 62. the day after tomorrow后天
63. be good at擅长于… 64. two years ago两年前
65. be outgoing外向的 66. all the time一直
67. in some ways在一些方面 68. look the same看起来一样
69. talk to everyone与大家谈话 70. make me laugh使我笑

III. Key Sentence Structures重要句型:
Unit 1:
1. -What do you usually do on weekends? -I usually go to the movies.
2. -What does he sometimes do on weekends? -He sometimes surfs the Internet.
3. How often do you exercise? I exercise once a week.
4. How often does she eat vegetables? She eats vegetables three times a day.
5. Most of the students go to the beach every year.
6. It makes a big difference to my grades.
7. My eating habits are pretty good.

Unit 2:
1. What’s the matter? What’s wrong? What’s the trouble?
2. I’m not feeling well. I have a cold / fever/ stomachache / sore throat. /I have a lot of headaches.
3. Maybe you should see the doctor / dentist. You should drink some hot tea with honey.
4. You shouldn’t eat anything for 24 hours.
5. Don’t get stressed out. It will make you sick.
6. I’m sorry to hear that you are not feeling well.

Unit 3
1. -What is she doing for vacation?
-She is babysitting her little sister. -That sounds nice / interesting.
2. -When are you going? -I’m going on Monday.
3. -Where are they going? -They are going to Tibet.
4. -Who is she going with? -She is going with her parents.
5. -How long is he staying. -He is staying for a week.
6. -How is the weather there? -I’m hoping the weather will be nice.
7. He is leaving for Hong Kong the first week in June. 8. Have a good time.

Unit 4:
1. -How do you get to school? -I get to school by bus.
2. -How does he go to work? -He usually walks to school.
3. -How long does it take? -It takes about twenty minutes.
4. -How far is it from his home to school? -It’s three miles.
5. What do you think of the transportation in your town?
Unit 5:
1. -Can you come to my party on Wednesday?
-Sure, I’d love to. / I’m sorry, I have to have a piano lesson.
2. -Can she go to the movies on Saturday?
-No, she can’t. She has to help her mom.
3. -Can you go to the concert on Monday?
-When is it? -It’s at four o’clock on Friday.
4. Thanks a lot for the invitation.
5. I’m going to study for a test this evening.
6. What’s the date today?

Unit 6
1. Pedro is funnier than Paul.
2. Tina is (a little)taller than Tara.
3. I am more athletic than my best friend.
4. My hair is longer than hers.
5. Liu Ying is not as good as her sister.
6. In some ways, we look the same.
7. For me, a good friend likes doing the same things as me.
8. I’m quieter than most of the kids in my class, and so is my friend.
9. Who do you think should get the job, Ruth or Rose?

IV. Grammar语法:
Unit 1:
1. 表频率的词汇和短语: always usually often never hardly ever
sometimes seldom once a day twice a month
three times a week every two weeks once in a while
2. 做事情的频率(how often you do things):
-What do you usually do in the morning?
-I usually read English books. Sometimes I walk in the garden.
I hardly ever exercise. I eat vegetables twice a week, but I never eat junk food.
3. 如何提问频率“多久一次”
-How often does he play tennis? -He plays tennis every day.
-How often do you drink milk? -I drink milk once a day.
-How often do they go to the movies? -Sometimes.
Unit 2:
1. 询问别人身体状况:
What’s wrong with you? What’s the matter with you? What’s the trouble?
2. 提出建议(give advice and make suggestions)
-What’s wrong with you? -I have a headache.
-You should go to bed and have a rest. You shouldn’t work late.
-I have a fever. -You should drink a lot of water. You shouldn’t be stressed out.
Unit 3:
一般将来时:
1. 现在进行时“be+动词ing”可以用来表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。
-What are you doing for vacation? -I’m visiting Tibet.
-Where are you going on May Day? -I’m going to the beach.
-How many students are coming to out party tomorrow? -Fifty.
2. “be going to +动词原形”表示主观打算去做某事,表示“人”打算,计划,决定要去做的事。
They are going to travel in China. Look at the clouds! It is going to rain.
-Are you going to be a teacher when you grow up? -Yes, I am.
3. 用“shall+动词原形”或“will+动词原形”表示一般将来时。 (shall只用于第一人称)
We shall go to the beach this Sunday. My brother will finish middle school in a year.
These birds won’t fly to the south in winter. When will they begin the work?

单元要点与中考题
1. My uncle ______to see me. He’ll be here soon.
A. is coming B. comes
C. has come D. came (广州中考试题)
A。该题考查的是动词时态。从后面一句,我们可以看出叔叔将要来,但还没来,所以“来看我”是一个将来的动作,而is coming是用现在进行时的形式表示将来的动作,因此是正确的。
2. Both Kate and I _____ ready for the picnic now.
A. is not B. Is getting
C. are getting D. am getting (天津市中考试题)
C。该题考查时态的用法和主谓一致。从副词now 可以看出:谓语动词应用现在进行时,从主语both Kate and I 可以判断:谓语动词应用复数形式,因此只有 C 是正确答案。
3. There are _________ in the field. They are eating grass.
A. a horse B. much horses
C. many horse D. many horses (河北省中考题)
D。There + be 句型的谓语动词的单复数随离它最近的主语而定。所以答案应该是 D。


Unit 4:
谈论如何到达某地,以及以何种方式到达某地。
-How do you get to the museum?
-I get to the museum by subway. Sometimes I ride my bike to the museum.
注意区别: (1)take the bus = go by bus
eg: I take the bus to get to school. = I get to school by bus.
take the train = go by train eg: He takes the train to go to school.
He gets to school by train. take the subway = go by subway
take a taxi = go by taxi go in a car = go by car
ride a bike = go by bike walk = go on foot
How引导的疑问句:
1. How does Lucia get to work? (提问方式“如何”)
2. Dave is going to travel to Paris by plane. How long does it take?(提问时间长短“多长时间”)
3. How far is it from the post office to the museum? (提问距离“多远”)
4. How often does Kate swim in the river? (提问频率“多久一次”)
5. How old is the little boy? (提问年龄“多大”)
6. How many cows are there? (提问数量“多少”many后跟可数名词)
7. How much water is there in the bottle? (提问数量“多少”much后跟不可数名词)
8. How much is the doll? (提问价钱“多少钱”)
9. How tall is his teacher? (提问高度“多高”)
10. How was the weather? (提问程度“怎样”)

练习
一、根据句意及首字母完成下列单词。
1.There are sixty m in hour.
2.He r a bike to school every day.
3.Mary’s home is about two k from his school.
4.I usually get home at half p seven.
5.It often t him one hour to finish homework.
6.In China, bikes and buses are the most popular means of t
二、找出与划线部分意思相同或相似的一项。
1.My mother usually goes to work by bus.
A*****s on a bus B.takes a bus to work
C. walks to a bus D.takes a bus working
2.He often has a quick breakfast.
A.has a little for breakfast B.has breakfast quickly
C.has nothing for breakfast D.goes to work without breakfast
3.Father usually reaches home at 7 p.m
A.gets B.gets to C. arrives at D.arrives in
4.That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus.
A.tired B.exciting C.difficult D.interesting
5.We have dinner at 6:45p.m
A.fifteen to six B.forty-five to six C. fifty to seven D.a quarter to seven
三、单选题
1.He often goes to school _______ his bike.
A.on B.with C.by D.at
2.It took ________ one hour ________ my homework yesterday.
A.I, do B.me, to do C.me, doing D.my, do
3.---____________ does she live from the school?--- Ten miles.
A. How long B.How far C.How often D. How soon
4.How ________ the boys come to the library?
A.do B.are C.does D.is
5. What about _____________?
A.take a taxi B.taking a taxi C. to take a taxi D.by a taxi
6.________ do you think of the transportation?
A.How B.What C.Why D.Where
7.---How is the weather here? ---It’s________________.
A.rain B.snows C.windy D.sun
8.Does it ____________ five minutes to the shop?
A.spend B.take C. pay D.use
四、句型转换.
1.I usually take the bus to the bank. (对划线部分提问)
________ do you usually _________ to the bank?
2.It’s 2 kilometers from the post office to my houses. (对划线部分提问)
_________ __________ is it from the post office to your house?
3.He walks to the supermarket. (变同意句)
He goes to the supermarket ______________ ___________.
4.Why not take a subway there? (变同意句)
_______ _______ ________ a subway there?
5.It often takes me half an hour to do my homework. (变同意句)
I often ________ half an hour ______ my homework.
五、用词正确的形式填空。
1.Yesterday many boys _______ (take) trains to Beijing.
2.Two _______(hour) ride is not long.
3.It often _______ (take) her 3 hours ________(play) sports.
4.I __________(ride) a bike to school tomorrow.
5.His mother is ____________ (worry) about her son.
六、缺词填空。
Jim is an A boy. He is only ten years old. He l in Beijing with his parents. He doesn’t know m Chinese. He can only speak a little Chinese. Sometimes his friends don’t u him. One morning he is going to the zoo to see the pandas. He likes the pandas very much. But he doesn’t know h to go the zoo. So he a a girl how to get to the zoo. But the girl can’t understand him. Then he d a panda in a piece of paper, and g the picture the girl. The girl tells him the w to the zoo. He t her very much.

参考答案:
一、 1.minutes 2.rides 3.kilometers 4.past 5.takes 6.transportation
四1.how,get 2.How long 3.on foot 4.How about taking 5.spend on
五1.took 2.hours’ 3.takes , to play 4.am riding 5.worrying
六1.America 2.lives 3.much 4. understand 5.how 6.asks 7.draws 8.gives 9.way 10.thanks


Unit 5
情态动词“can”表示可能性,或现在决定将来的事。
练习用“Can …? ”发出邀请,接受或拒绝并给出原因:
-Can you come to my party on Monday? -Sure, I’d love to. / Sorry, I can’t. I have to study for a test.
-Can she go to the movies? -No, she can’t. She has to do her homework.
-Can he go to the football game tomorrow? -No, he can’t. He has a driving lessons.
-Can they go to the concert tonight? -No, they can’t. They are visiting their uncle.

Unit 6:
形容词比较级: 形容词比较级是用来表示事物的等级差别。
I. 形容词比较级的构成:
◎规则变化:
1. 一般单音节词末尾加-er。 tall-taller great-greater
2. 以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r。
nice-nicer large-larger able-abler
3. 以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er。
big-bigger hot-hotter
4. “辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er。 easy-easier busy-busier
5. 少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er. clever-cleverer narrow-narrower
6. 其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more来构成比较级。
important-more important beautiful-more beautiful
◎不规则变化: good-better well(健康的)-better bad-worse ill-worse
old-older / elder many-more much-more little(少的)-less
far(远的)-farther / further
II. 比较级句型:
1. 比较级+than… …比…较为 A+动词+形容词比较级+than+B. 两者相比较,A比B更…一些。
I am older than you.
Mary is happier than Jane. His brother is younger than I(me).
Beijing is more beautiful than Wuhan. My sister has longer hair than Tara.
Her mother is thinner than her father. Jack is taller than Tom.
2. as…as A+动词+as+形容词原级+as+B.表示A和B两者比较,程度相同,“…和…相同”。
My uncle is as tall as your father.
Tom is as honest as John. My dog is as old as that one.
A…+not+as+形容词原级+as+B表示A,B两者程度不同,即A不如B那么…
My uncle is not as tall as your father. Tom is not as honest as John.
This jacket is not as cheap as that one.
3. the same as与…相同。
My friend is the same as me. We are both quiet. A good friend likes to do the same things as me.

是谁第一个把英语翻译成中文的?(不知道请不要回答,谢谢)

第一个学习英语的人已经不可考.第一个学习外语的人也不可考。
原因是追溯到元或者以前,就有中国的商人去海外,逐渐的也就产生了移民。语言永远都只是工具,当你在国外呆久了你就会了当地的语言,而你的亲戚在中国,你自然而然就会用进行双语的翻译沟通,不可能象你那样说的有那么开始的一个人~~
但是如果是正规的话,我国最早的外语学校,是成立与清代同治元年(1862年)的“同文馆”。它培养出严复、汪凤藻等一批翻译人才,还编译了一些外语辞典和外语文法书籍。
第一是个懂汉语的人在英语环境中生活,从实践中领略英语的用词及用法,将英汉两者相通的单词进行互换,就成了翻译。那当然是个渐进的过程,由具体名词到抽象名词,由简单的日常用语到深奥复杂的思维。

第二种情况是个同时接触汉英两种语言的牙牙学语的小孩,他们能同时吸收这两种母语,到他们的语言表达能力成熟了,就可以自然的互译了。
这个问题估计无从考证 传说中 中国最早的翻译是 一种名叫“角端”的怪兽,此兽日行1万8千余里,走遍世界各方,通晓天下语言,明外方幽远之事,是最早的“同传译员”吧.呵呵
以下列出具体中国翻译发展史:
我国的翻译有着数千年的历史.打开这一翻译史册,我们可以看到翻译**迭起,翻译家难以计数,翻译理论博大精深.了解这一历史不仅有助于我们继承我们的先人的优秀文化遗产,而且也有助于我们今天更加深入认识和发展我们的翻译事业.简单说来,中国的翻译史大致可以分为以下几个阶段:一、汉代-秦符时期; 二、隋-唐-宋时期; 三、明清时期; 四、五四时期; 五、新中过成立至今.
一、汉代-秦符时期
中国的翻译活动可以追溯到春秋战国时代.当时的诸侯国家相互之间交往就出现了翻译,如楚国王子去越国时就求助过翻译.当然这种翻译还谈不上是语际翻译.中国真正称得上语际翻译的活动应该说是始于西汉的哀帝时期的佛经翻译.那时有个名叫伊存的人到中国来口传一些简单的佛经经句.到了东汉桓帝建和二年(公元一八四年),佛经翻译就正式开始了.译者安世高是安息(即波斯)人,他翻译了《安般守意经》等三十多部佛经.后来月支人支娄迦谶(又叫娄迦谶)来到了中国,他翻译了十多部佛经.支娄迦谶译笔生硬,基本上是字对字、句对句地翻译,中国读者不易看懂.中国翻译界现在的直译和意译之争大概就是从这个时候开始的.支娄迦谶有个学生叫支亮,之亮有个弟子叫支谦.他们三人号称"三支",是当时翻译佛经非常有名的译者.与"三支"同时从事佛经翻译的还有竺法护.他也是月支人,是当时的佛经翻译名家,总共译了一百七十五部佛经,对佛经在中国的流传贡献不小.竺法护和"三支"一道被人称作月之派.不过,这一时期的佛经翻译活动还只是民间私人事业.
到了符秦时代,佛经翻译活动就组织有序了.当时主要的组织者是释道安.在他的主持下设置了译场,开始了大规模的佛经翻译.由于释道安本人不懂梵文,惟恐译文失真,因此他主张严格的词对词、句对句(word for word, line for line)的直译.当时的佛经《鞞婆沙》就是按此方法从梵文译成汉语的.为了把握好译文的质量,释道安在此期间请来了著名的翻译家天竺(即印度)人鸠摩罗什.鸠氏考证了以前的佛经翻译,批评了翻译的风格,检讨了翻译的方法.他主张意译,纠正了过去音译的弱点,提倡译者署名,以示负责.他翻译了三百多卷佛经文献,如《金刚经》、《法华经》、《十二门论》、《中观论》、《维摩经》等.其译文神情并茂、妙趣盎然,堪称当时的上乘之译作,至今仍被视为我国文学翻译的奠基石.到了南北朝时期,梁武帝特聘印度佛教学者真谛(Paramartha,499-569)到中国来翻译佛经.真谛在华期间共翻译了四十九部经书,其中尤以《摄大乘论》的翻译响誉华夏,对中国佛教思想影响较大.
二、隋-唐-宋时代
从隋代(公元五九0年)到唐代,这段时间是我国翻译事业高度发达时期.隋代历史较短,译者和译作都很少.比较有名的翻译家有释彦琮(俗姓李,赵郡柏人).他是译经史上第一位中国僧人.一生翻译了佛经23部100余卷.彦琮在他撰写的《辨证论》中总结翻译经验,提出了作好佛经翻译的八项条件:1)诚心受法,志愿益人,不惮久时(诚心热爱佛法,立志帮助别人,不怕费时长久);2)将践觉场,先牢戒足,不染讥恶(品行端正,忠实可信,不惹旁人讥疑);3)荃晓三藏,义贯两乘,不苦暗滞(博览经典,通达义旨.不存在暗昧疑难的问题);4)旁涉坟史,工缀典词,不过鲁拙(涉猎中国经史,兼擅文学,不要过于疏拙);5)襟抱平恕.器量虚融,不好专执(度量宽和,虚心求益,不可武断固执);6)耽于道术,淡于名利,不欲高炫(深爱道术,淡于名利,不想出风头);7)要识梵言,乃闲正译,不坠彼学(精通梵文,熟悉正确的翻译方法,不失梵文所载的义理);8)薄阅苍雅,粗谙篆隶.不昧此文(兼通中训诂之学,不使译本文字欠准确).彦琮还说,"八者备矣,方是得人".这八条说的是译者的修养问题,至今仍有参考价值.在彦琮以后,出现了我国古代翻译界的巨星玄奘(俗称三藏法师).他和上述鸠摩罗什、真谛一起号称华夏三大翻译家.玄奘在唐太宗贞观二年(公元六二八年)从长安出发去印度取经,十七年后才回国.他带回佛经六百五十七部,主持了中国古代史上规模最大、组织最为健全的译场,在十九年间译出了七十五部佛经,共一三三五卷.玄奘不仅将梵文译成汉语,而且还将老子著作的一部分译成梵文,是第一个将汉语著作向外**介绍的中**.玄奘所主持的译场在组织方面更为健全.据《宋高僧传》记载,唐代的翻译职司多至11种:1)译主,为全场主脑,精通梵文,深广佛理.遇有疑难,能判断解决;2)证义,为译主的助手,凡已译的意义与梵文有和差殊,均由他和译主商讨;3)证文,或称证梵本,译主诵梵文时,由他注意原文有无讹误;4)度语,根据梵文文字音改记成汉字,又称书字;5)笔受,把录下来的梵文字音译成汉文;6)缀文,整理译文,使之符合汉语习惯;7)参译,既校勘原文是否有误,又用译文回证原文有无歧异;8)刊定,因中外文体不同,故每行每节须去其芜冗重复;9)润文,从修辞上对译文加以润饰;10)梵呗,译文完成后,用梵文读音的法子来念唱,看音调是否协调,便于僧侣诵读;11)监护大使,钦命大臣监阅译经.玄奘在翻译理论方面作出了自己的贡献.他根据自己的理解和翻译实践提出了"既须求真,又须喻俗"的翻译标准,意即"忠实""通顺",直到今天仍有指导意义.他还在翻译实践中创造性地运用了多种翻译技巧.据印度学者柏乐天和我国学者张建木的研究结果显示,玄奘运用了下列翻译技巧: 1)补充法(就是现在我们常说的增词法);2)省略法(即我们现在常说的减词法);3)变位法(即根据需要调整句序或词序);4)分合法(大致与现在所说分译法和合译法相同);5)译名假借法(即用另一种译名来改译常用的专门术语);6)代词还原法(即把原来的代名词译成代名词所代的名词).这些技巧对今天的翻译实践同样仍然具有十分重要的指导意义.与玄奘同时的还有失义难陀、义净、一行、不空等译者,也都译了许多佛经.唐末无人赴印度求经,佛经翻译事业逐渐衰微.
到了宋代,佛经翻译已远不如唐初的极盛时期.在北宋的乾德开宝年间,宋太祖曾派人西去求经,印度也派名僧东来华夏传法.宋太祖也曾在开封的太平兴国寺内兴修了译经院,专事佛经翻译.虽译场组织极其完备,译经种数几乎接近唐代,但质量却不如唐代.当时有名的僧侣译者主要有天息、法护等人.在翻译理论方面颇有贡献的要数赞宁(俗姓高,今浙江德清人).他曾归纳了以往译经的各种情况,提出了解决翻译过程中各类矛盾的六种办法.这是对我国唐代翻译理论的继续和发展,是我国翻译论库中的宝贵财富.到了南宋,由于社会动荡等原因,佛经翻译已是寥寥无几,史书的记载中无一例翻译.在其后的元代,统治者曾下昭拔合恩巴、管主八等人翻译佛经,但译作只有十几部,翻译理论方面的探讨更是无从谈起.翻译事业基本处于停滞状态.
三、明清时代
在明代的二百多年历史中,佛经翻译呈现一片衰落的局面.佛经译者只有智光等一、二人,译了几部经书.但到了明代万历年间直至清朝"新学"时期,我国出现了以徐光启、林纾(琴南)、严复(又陵)等为代表的介绍西欧各国科学、文学、哲学的翻译家.明代徐光启和意大利人利马窦合作,翻译了欧几里得的《几何原理》、《测量法义》等书.清代的林纾(1852.11.8-1924.10.9)和他的合作者以口述笔记的方式翻译了一百八十四种西方文学作品,达一千万字以上.所译小说中最著名的有《巴黎茶花女遗事》(La Dame aux Camelias)、《黑*呼天录》(Uncle Tom's Cabin)、《块肉余生述》(David Copperfield)、《王子复仇记》(Hamlet)等.林纾本人不懂外文,因而他的译作删减、遗漏、随意添加之处甚多.但是林纾的翻译对于中国读者了解西方文学作品起到了很大的作用.
严复(1954.1.18-1921.10.27)是我国清末新兴资产阶级的启蒙思想家.他从光绪二十四年到宣统三年(公元1898-1911)这三十年间翻译了不少西方政治经济学说,如赫胥黎(T.H. Huxley)的《天演论》(Evolution and Ethics and Other Essays)、亚当·斯密(A.Smith)的《原富》(An Inquiry into the Nature and Cause of the Wealth of Nations)、孟德斯鸠(C.L.S. Montesquieu)的《法意》(L'esprit des Lois)、斯宾塞尔(H.Spencer)的《群学肆言》(On Liberty)、甄克思(E.Jenks)的《社会通诠》(A History of Politics)等.严复每译一书,都有一定的目的和意义,常借西方著名资产阶级思想家的著作表达自己的思想.他译书往往加上许多按语,发挥自己的见解.严复"曾经查过汉晋六朝翻译佛经的方法"(鲁迅《二心集》),在参照古代佛经翻译经验的基础上,结合自己的翻译实践,在《天演论》(公元一八九八年出版)卷首的《译例言》中提出著名的"信、达、雅"翻译标准.他说:"译事三难:信、达、雅.求其信,已大难矣!顾信矣,不达,虽译,犹不译也,则达尚焉."有人因此认为严复偏重于"达",把"信"、"达"相互对立起来.事实上,严复曾紧接着解释道:"至原文词理本深,难于共喻,则当前后引衬,以显其意,凡此经营,皆所以为达,为达即所以为信也."这说明严复并没有把"信"、"达"割裂开来,他主张的"信"是"意义不倍(背)本文","达"是不拘泥于原文形式,尽译文语言的能事以求原意明显,为"达"也是为"信",两者是统一的.但严复对"雅"的解释今天看来是不足取的.他的"雅"是指脱离原文而片面追求译文本身的古雅.他认为只有译文本身采用"汉以前字法句法"--实际上即所谓上等的文言文,才算登大雅之堂.严复自己在翻译实践中所遵循的也是"与其伤雅,毋宁失真",因而译文不但艰深难懂,又不忠实于原文,类似改编.有人说严复用一个"雅"字打消了"信"和"达",这个批评不是没有根据的.不过从积极的一面来看,严复重视译文文字润饰这一点却是值得我们注意的.尽管严复对"信、达、雅"翻译标准的解释因时代的限制而有一定的局限性,但许多年来,该标准始终没有被我国翻译界所废弃,原因在于:这三个字的提法简明扼要,又有层次主次突出;三者之中,信和达二者之中,信犹为重要.因此有些翻译工作者仍然沿用着三个字作为当今的翻译标准,但旧瓶装新瓶,已赋予新的内容和要求.例如,他们认为"雅"已不在是严复所指的"尔雅"和"用汉以前字法句法",而是指"保存原作的风格"问题.
另外值得一提的是:在严复出版《天演论》前数年,《马氏文通》的作者马建忠于公元一八九四年在他写的《拟投翻译书院议》中已发挥了他所认为的"善译"的见解.马建忠的"善译"标准包括三大要求:第一、译者先要对两种语言素有研究,熟知彼此的异同;第二、弄清原文的意义、精神和语气,把它传达出来;第三、译文和原文毫无出入,"译成之文,适如其所译".这些要求是很高的,都有一定的道理,但由于他本人专研究语法而没有搞翻译的工作,因此他对"善译"的见解,被后人忽略了.
四、五四时期
"五四"是我国近代翻译史的分水岭."五四"以前的最显著的表现是以严复、林纾等为代表翻译了一系列西方资产阶级学术名著和文学作品."五四"以后,我国翻译事业开创了一个新的历史时期,开始介绍马列**经典著作和无产阶级文学作品.《共产*宣言》的译文就发表在"五四"时期.这一时期的翻译工作在内容和形式上都起了很大变化.白话文代替了文言文.东西方各国优秀文学作品,特别是俄国和苏联的作品,开始由我国近代翻译史上卓越的先驱者鲁迅、瞿秋白等前辈介绍进来.鲁迅是翻译工作上理论与实践相结合的典型.他和瞿秋白两人关于翻译问题的通讯,为我们提供了一些应遵循的基本翻译原则.他译过许多俄国和苏联的优秀文学作品,如《毁灭》、《死魂灵》等.他和瞿秋白通过翻译实践,总结了许多宝贵的经验.鲁迅对翻译标准的主要观点是:"凡是翻译,必须兼顾着两面,一当然力求其易解,一则保持着原文的风资."鲁迅竭力反对当时那种"牛头不对马嘴"、"削鼻剜眼"的胡译,乱译,他针对有人所谓"与其顺而不信"而提出了"宁信而不顺"这一原则.当然,鲁迅这条原则有"矫枉必须过正"的意味,但与借此作挡箭牌的"硬译"、"死译"实无共同之处.鲁迅主张直译,是为了照顾输入新表现法和保持原作的风貌,这于借直译作挡箭牌的"死译"也是丝毫无共同之处的.他们二人对待翻译工作的态度都十分严肃,至今仍是我们学习的榜样.
五、新中国成立至今
一九四九年,随着新中国的成立,翻译事业也得到了解放.从那时起,翻译工作在*的领导下,一直是****新文化的一个重要组成部分,不断迅速发展,取得巨大成绩,在翻译理论方面也日益充实完善.这一时期的翻译工作有以下几个特点:
(一) 翻译工作者在*的领导下,有组织、有计划、有系统的进行工作,逐步取代了抢译、乱译和重复浪费的现象;
(二) 翻译作品质量大大提高,逐渐克服了粗枝大叶、不负责的风气;
(三) 翻译工作者为了更好地为****建设服务,开展了批评于自我批评,逐渐消除了过去各种不良现象和无人过问的状况;
(四) 翻译工作者不仅肩负者外译汉的任务;
(五) 对翻译标准的认识日趋统一,有效的推动了我国的翻译工作.特别是在过去的二十年中,我国广大翻译工作者也积极响应*的号召,通过认真的辛勤的翻译劳动,介绍和交流先进科技知识、优秀文艺作品以及民族文化,为我国四个现代化和世界和平不断做出新的贡献.
其实身为译员,我自己觉得哪位祖先圣贤最早译出了英文并不重要,重要的是先辈已经给我们用辛勤和汗水留下了这份瑰宝,我们就要更好的去传承它,完善它,从而更好的利用它创造更大的价值.
个人的见解 希望能帮到您一点 祝开心

厨房英语单词怎么读

kitchen;diet-kitchen;cuisine;cookhouse。Hell'sKitchen地狱厨房;地狱庖厨;地狱兄弟;天堂厨房。KitchenCabinet厨房内阁;餐具柜;橱柜;厨房绸。MagicKitchen片;魔幻庖厨;魔法厨房。kitchenknife厨刀;厨房用刀;厨房刀。一站式出国留学攻略 http://****offercoming****

看报纸的英文是什么

看报纸的英文是:Read the newspaper.

重点词汇:Read

一、读音:英     美    

二、意思是:

v. (动词)阅读,朗读,诵读,读,读书

n. 阅读;好读物;

adj. 博学的;熟知的

三、例句:

1、Only a few of the children there can read.

那里只有几个小孩识字。

2、Read the text slowly and deliberately.

缓慢,有意的读全文。

扩展资料

词汇用法:

1、read的基本意思是“读”“阅”,指“阅读”的能力或“阅读”的动作。含有用阅读的方法理解内容的意味。引申可指“读懂”“解释”“理解”“标明”。

2、read作“读,默读,诵读”和“借助阅读发现某人〔事〕的情况”时不用于被动结构。接含as短语的复合结构时多用于被动结构。

3、take (it) as read that...的意思是“认为”。

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